Katy Randolph

Katherine S. Rudolph, PT, Ph.D.

Associate Professor, Physical Therapy
Director, Motion Analysis Laboratory

Location

Proctor 206
Eligible for Student Opportunities

Dr. Katherine (Katy) Rudolph is a physical therapist and researcher in the Department of Physical Therapy in the Westbrook College of Health Professions at UNE. She earned an M.S.P.T. at Boston University in 1989 and a Ph.D. in Biomechanics and Movement Science from the University of Delaware in 1998. After post-doctoral training in the Center for Biodynamics at Boston University she accepted a faculty position at UD where she remained from September 1999 through August 2011. She joined the UNE family in September 2011.  

 

Credentials

Education

BS
Syracuse University
1982
MSPT
Boston University
1989
PhD
University of Delaware
1998
Post-doc
Boston University
1999
Post-doc
University of Delaware
1999

Research

Current research

Chronic Pain, Motor Output and Motor Learning in Knee Osteoarthritis

NIH 1R15AR068627 (PI: Rudolph); 04/01/2016 - 03/31/2019; $300,000 direct costs

By 2030, it is estimated that 67 million people will have osteoarthritis (OA) in the US and the majority of them will have OA in the knee that begins in middle age. Patients endure pain for many years before they have a total knee replacement. The number of years that knee OA patients endure pain takes a toll on their knee function and quality of life but it also impacts how the nervous system processes pain signals. Central sensitization of pain is a heightened
response to painful stimuli that is a protective mechanism designed to allow the body to heal.

Under normal circumstances, central sensitization subsides when tissue healing is complete. However, sometimes central sensitization persists and pain is exaggerated or no longer originates from a peripheral source. This abnormal sensory processing can lead to misdiagnosis and poor outcomes to treatments because the source of the pain is in the central nervous system not in peripheral tissues. Central sensitization of pain has been demonstrated in people
with knee OA and it is exacerbated by another anomalous pain mechanism: reduced conditioned pain modulation (CPM). CPM involves the application of a painful “conditioning stimulus” that elicits a reduction in the perception of pain. The presence of central sensitization
and reduced conditioned pain modulation can make knee OA much harder to treat, however clinicians are now augmenting traditional physical therapy interventions with treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy and mind-body treatments that can influence how the central nervous system processes the pain signals. Unfortunately, those interventions do not influence the movement patterns used by people that can hasten joint degeneration including reduced knee motion and higher muscle co-contraction combined with buckling. These movements produce greater loads and higher shear forces in the knee that are particularly detrimental to articular cartilage. Recently physical therapy interventions have been developed to address the abnormal movement and muscle activation patterns but none have been shown to be any more
effective than traditional aerobic or strengthening exercises. This may be due to deficits in the ability to learn new motor programs to stabilize the knee which is highly plausible considering that motor output and motor learning rely on accurate sensory feedback that we know is impaired in people with knee OA. This study will investigate the presence of central sensitization and reduced CPM and their influence on motor adaptation and learning in this population. The results will provide valuable insight into motor control that can be used to further develop
treatments that will improve knee function while slowing progress of the disease.

Is it exercise or its associated pain that leads to exercise-induced hypoalgesia?

The human nervous system has the innate ability to enhance or reduce the experience of pain and physical therapists can use those innate mechanisms to reduce pain in their patients in order to increase activity, participation in daily life and improve quality of life.  Physical therapy patients are often familiar with transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) which is the application of electrical pulses that produce a strong but comfortable tingling sensation. The strong comfortable sensation elicits mechanisms in the nervous system that reduce the perception of pain.  Less known is the use of electrical stimulation to produce a painful (noxious) sensation that elicits the pain inhibitory mechanisms as well and can lead to long-term pain reduction.

Exercise is another physical therapy intervention that produces pain reduction. Studies have shown that even relatively low-level exercise such as an isometric contraction lasting 90 s, at a relatively low level of force (30% of maximum force) produces pain relief. Although many studies have demonstrated exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH), the muscle contractions used in such study often produce significant muscle fatigue and pain. Therefore, it is unclear whether EIH is induced by the exercise (muscle contraction) itself or the pain associated with the exercise. The purpose of this study is to determine if exercise-induced hypoalgesia is elicited by muscle contractions alone, or by the pain associated with muscle contractions. The results will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced analgesia that will improve accurate exercise prescription to induce analgesia.

Selected publications

  1. Rudolph, K.S.; Eastlack, M.E.; Axe, M.J.; Snyder-Mackler, L. 1998 Basmajian Student Award Paper: Movement patterns after anterior cruciate ligament injury: a comparison of patients who compensate well for the injury and those who require operative stabilization.  J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 1998;8(6): 349-362. PMID: 9840891
  2. Rudolph K.S., Axe, M.J., Snyder-Mackler, L.  Dynamic Stability in the ACL deficient knee: Who can hop?  Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.  2000;8(5):262-269. PMID: 11061293
  3. Rudolph K.S., Axe, M.J., Buchanan, T.S., Scholz, J.P., Snyder-Mackler, L.  Dynamic Stability in the ACL deficient knee.  Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001;9(2):62-71 PMID: 11061293
  4. Chmielewski, T.L., Rudolph, K.S., Fitzgerald, G.K., Axe, M.J., Snyder-Mackler, L.   Biomechanical Evidence Supporting a Differential Response to Acute ACL Injury.  Clinical Biomechanics.  2001 Aug;16(7):586-91. PMID: 11470300
  5. Williams, G.N., Chmielewski, T.L., Rudolph, K.S., Buchanan, T.S., Snyder-Mackler, L. Dynamic knee stability: Current theory and implications for clinicians and scientists. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2001 Oct;31(10):546-66). PMID: 11665743
  6. Lewek, M., Rudolph, K.S., Axe, M.J., Snyder-Mackler, L.  The effect of insufficent quad strength on gait after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.  Clin Biomech 2002 Jan, 17(1):56-63.
  7. Chmielewski, T.L., Rudolph K.S., Snyder-Mackler, L. Development of Dynamic Knee Stability after Acute ACL Injury.  J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2002 Aug;12(4):267-74. PMID: 12121683
  8. Lewek, M., Rudolph, K.S., Snyder-Mackler, L.  Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Weakness and Activation Failure in Patients With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis.  Journal of Orthopaedic Research.  2004 Jan;22(1):110-5. PMCID: PMC3073134
  9. Schmitt, L.C., Schmitt, L.A., Rudolph, K.S., Management of Patient with a Forearm Fracture and Median Nerve Injury.  J Orthop Sport Phys Ther. 2004 Feb;34(2):47-56.
  10. Lewek M, Rudolph KS, Snyder-Mackler L, Control of Frontal Plane Knee Laxity during Gait in Patients with Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis.  Osteoarthritis and Cartilage.  2004 Sep;12(9):745-51. PMCID: PMC3123521
  11. Rudolph, K.S. Snyder-Mackler, L.  Dynamic Stability in the ACL Deficient Knee during a Stepping Task.  J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 2004 Oct;14(5):565-75.
  12. Banala SK, Agrawal SK, Fattah A, Rudolph K, Scholz J.  A Gravity Balancing Leg Orthosis for Robotic Rehabilitation. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems & Rehabilitation Engineering. IEEE Proceedings on International Conference of Robotics and Automation, 2004, 2474-2479.
  13. Dong, S., Lu, K.-Q., Sun, J.Q., Rudolph, K. Physical therapy applications of MR fluids and intelligent control.  Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 5760, art. no. 22, pp. 196-207
  14. Dong S, Lu K-Q, Sun JQ, Rudolph KS.  Rehabilitation Device with Variable Resistance and Intelligent Control.  Medical Engineering & Physics 2005;27:249-255. PMCID: PMC2217587
  15. Chmielewski TL, Hurd W, Rudolph KS, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler.  Perturbation Training Decreases Knee Stiffness and Muscle Co-contraction in the ACL Injured Knee.  Phys Ther.  2005 85(8):740-54. PMID:16048422
  16. Houck, J., Chmielewski, T.L., Hurd, W.J., Rudolph, K.S., Axe, M.J., Snyder-Mackler, L.  Perturbation training improves knee kinematics and reduces muscle co-contraction after complete unilateral anterior cruciate ligament rupture: Invited commentary.  Physical Therapy 85 (8), pp. 750-754
  17. Lewek MD, Ramsey D, Snyder-Mackler L Rudolph KS.  Knee stabilization in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.  Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Sep;52(9):2845-53. PMCID: PMC1343471
  18. Banala, S.K., Agrawal, S.K., Fattah, A., Krishnamoorthy, V., Hsu, W.-L., Scholz, J., Rudolph, K.  Gravity-balancing leg orthosis and its performance evaluation.  IEEE Transactions on Robotics 22 (6), pp. 1228-1239.
  19. Lewek MD, Scholz J, Rudolph KS, Snyder-Mackler L. Stride-to-stride variability of knee motion in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Gait Posture. 2006 Jun;23(4):505-11. PMCID: PMC2435270
  20. Dong S, Lu, K-Q, Sun J-Q, Rudolph K. Adaptive force regulation of muscle strengthening rehabilitation device with magnetorheological fluids.  IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2006 Mar;14(1):55-63. PMCID: PMC2268717
  21. Dong S, Lu KQ, Sun JQ, Rudolph K.  A prototype rehabilitation device with variable resistance and joint motion control.  Med Eng Phys. 2006 May;28(4):348-55. PMCID: PMC2268114
  22. Dong S, Lu, K-Q, Sun J-Q, Rudolph K. Smart Rehabilitation Devices - Part 1.  Force Tracking Control. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 2006:Jun;17:543-552. PMCID: PMC2394728
  23. Dong S, Lu, K-Q, Sun J-Q, Rudolph K. Smart Rehabilitation Devices - Part 2.  Adaptive Motion Control.  Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 2006;17(7):555-561.  PMCID: PMC2424262
  24. Briem K, Ramsey DK, Rudolph KS, Newcomb W, Snyder-Mackler L. Effects of the amount of valgus correction for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res. 2007 Mar;25(3):311-8. PMCID: PMC3133740
  25. Ramsey DK, Snyder-Mackler L, Lewek MD, Newcomb W, Rudolph KS. Effect of Anatomical Realignment on Muscle Function During Gait in Patients with Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2007 57(3):389-397. PMCID: PMC2217586
  26. Schmitt LC, Rudolph KS.  Influences on Knee Movement Strategies during Walking in Persons with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2007, Jul 30;57(6):1018-1026. PMCID: PMC2213278
  27. Rudolph KS, Schmitt LC.  Age-related changes in strength and walking patterns: Are they related to knee osteoarthritis? Phys Ther. 2007 Nov;87(11):1422-32.  PMCID: PMC2217585
  28. Schmitt LC, Rudolph KS.  Muscle Stabilization Strategies in People with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis:  The Effect of Instability. J Orthop Res. 2008 Apr 10;26(9):1180-1185. PMCID: PMC3112363.
  29. Schmitt LC, Fitzgerald GK, Reisman AS, Rudolph KS.  Instability, Laxity, and Physical Function in Patients with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis. Phys Ther 2008 Dec;88(12):1506-16. PMCID: PMC2599794
  30. Reisman DS, Rudolph KS, Farquhar WB.  Influence of Speed on Walking Economy Post-Stroke.  Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009 Jan;23(6):529-34. PMID:19126838.
  31. Kesar TM, Perumal R, Reisman DS, Jancosko A, Rudolph KS, Higginson JS and Binder-Macleod SA Functional electrical stimulation of ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor muscles: effects on poststroke gait. Stroke. 2009 Dec;40(12):3821-7. PMCID: PMC2827197
  32. Kesar TM, Perumal R, Jancosko A, Reisman DS, Rudolph KS, Higginson JS and Binder-Macleod SA.  Novel Patterns of Functional Electrical Stimulation Have an Immediate Effect on Dorsiflexor Muscle Function During Gait for People Poststroke. Physical Therapy. 2010 Jan;901;55-66.  PMCID: PMC2802826
  33. Temel, M., Rudolph, K.S., Agrawal, S.K. Gait recovery in healthy subjects: Perturbations to the knee motion with a Smart Knee Brace.  IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM , art. no. 5695918, pp. 527-532.
  34. Zeni J, Rudolph KS, Higginson JS.  Alterations in Quadriceps and Hamstrings Coordination In Persons With Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis.  J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010 Feb;20(1): 148-154. PMCID: PMC2827305
  35. Kesar TM, Reisman DS, Perumal R, Jancosko A, Higginson JS, Rudolph KS, Binder-Macleod SA.  Combined effects of fast treadmill walking and functional electrical stimulation on post-stroke gait. Gait & Posture 2011 Feb;33: 309–13. PMCID: PMC3042540
  36. Temel M, Rudolph KS, Agrawal SK. Gait Recovery in Healthy Subjects: Perturbations to the Knee Motion with a Smart Knee Brace.  Advanced Robotics 2011 Feb;25(15):1857-1877.
  37. Tyrell CM, Roos MA, Rudolph KS, Reisman DS.  The influence of systematic increases in treadmill walking speed on gait kinematics after stroke.  Phys Ther.  2011 Mar;91(3):392-403. PMCID: PMC3048817
  38. Kumar D, Rudolph KS, Manal K.  An EMG-Driven Modeling Approach to Muscle Force and Joint Load Estimations: Case Study in Knee Osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res, 2012 Mar; 30(3):377-383. PMCID: PMC3250571
  39. Roos MA, Rudolph KS, Reisman DS. The Structure of Walking Activity in People After Stroke Compared With Older Adults Without Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study. Phys Ther. 2012 Jul 12. PMCID: PMC3432950
  40. Kumar D, Manal KT, Rudolph KS. Knee joint loading during gait in healthy controls and individuals with knee osteoarthritis (2013) Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 21 (2), pp. 298-305. PMCID: PMC3804122
  41. Reisman D, Kesar T, Perumal R, Roos M, Rudolph K, Higginson J, Helm E, Binder-Macleod S. Time course of functional and biomechanical improvements during a gait training intervention in persons with chronic stroke (2013) Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 37 (4), pp. 159-165. PMCID: PMC3890376
  42. Kumar D, Swanik C, Reisman DS, Rudolph KS.  Individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis show neuromuscular adaptation when perturbed during walking despite functional and structural impairments (2014) Journal of Applied Physiology, 116 (1), pp. 13-23. PMCID: PMC3921367
  43. Winters, J.D., Rudolph, K.S. Quadriceps rate of force development affects gait and function in people with knee osteoarthritis (2014) European Journal of Applied Physiology, 114 (2), pp. 273-284. PMCID: PMC3926512     

Book Chapters

  1. James MA, Rudolph KS:  Shoulder Pain in Paraplegia and Tetraplegia:  The Weight Bearing Upper Extremity.  in Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ editors:  The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury,  American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons Symposium, Rosemont, IL.  pp. 449-458.  1996. 
  2. Rudolph, K.S., Fitzgerald, G.K., Snyder-Mackler, L.: Restoration of Dynamic Stability in the ACL deficient Knee.  in Lephart, S., Fu, F., editors: Role of Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control in Management in Articular Pathology.  Human Kinetics Publisher, Champaign, IL. pp. 393-404, 2000.
  3. Chmielewski, T.L., Rudolph K.S., Axe, M.J., Fitzgerald, G.K., Snyder-Mackler, L.  Movement Patterns of individuals with good potential to dynamically stabilize their knees after acute ACL rupture.  In: The Many Faces of Osteoarthritis, ed by KE Kuettner and VC Hascall, Raven Press, New York, pp. 461-463.  2002. 
  4. Snyder-Mackler L, Schmitt L, Rudolph K, Woodzell W. Electrophysical Agents in Sport and Exercise Injury Management in Physical Therapies in Sport and Exercise.  In Kolt and Snyder-Mackler L (eds) Physical Therapies in Sport and Exercise. Churchill Livingstone, pp. 217-232.  2003.
  5. Ling SM, Rudolph KS.  Osteoarthritis.  In Stephen T. Wegener ST, Basia L, Gall EP (eds) Clinical Care in the Rheumatic Diseases. 3rd Edition.  American College of Rheumatology, Atlanta, GA, 2006.

Other scholarly activity

Peer Reviewed Presentations

  1. Rudolph KS, Semenza D, Durben N.  The effect of verbal encouragement on human muscle performance at the Massachusetts State Conference of the American Physical Therapy Association, Jun 24-28, 1990
  2. Rudolph KS, Eastlack ME, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L.  Functional Performance after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Comparison of Patients who Compensate well for the Injury and Those who Require Operative Stabilization.  1998 APTA-Combined Sections Meeting, Boston, MA, February 11-15, 1998
  3. Rudolph KS,   Effects of small changes in Walking Velocity on Kinematics and Kinetics in Uninjured people and people with ACL deficiency.  APTA-Combined Sections Meeting, Boston, MA, February 11-15, 1998
  4. Rudolph KS, Eastlack ME, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L.  A New Perspective on Dynamic Stability in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Knee.  Presented by Katherine Rudolph at the XII Congress of the International Society for Electrophysiology and Kinesiology in Montreal, Quebec.  June 28-30, 1998
  5. Rudolph KS, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L Implications of Dynamic Stability after ACL Injury: Who can hop and who can not.  APTA-Combined Sections Meeting, Seattle, WA,  February 3-7, 1999
  6. Chmielewski T, Manal TJ, Rudolph KS, Snyder-Mackler L.  The Effects of Perturbation Training on Walking and Jogging Performance of Patients with Acute ACL Injury. Presented by T. Chmielewski at the International Society of Biomechanics XVIIth , Calgary, BC, August, 1999
  7. Lewek M, Rudolph KS, Snyder-Mackler L.  Lower extremity neuromuscular response to a rapid valgus movement at the knee during standing.  Presented by Michael Lewek at the National Center for Medical  Rehabilitation Research Annual Trainee Conference.  Dec 4-5, 2000, Bethesda MD
  8. Lewek M, Rudolph KS, Axe MJ, and Snyder-Mackler L. The Effect Of Quadriceps Weakness On Gait After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.  Presented by M. Lewek.  American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting.  Baltimore, MD, May 30 - June 2, 2001
  9. Lewek M, Rudolph K, Snyder-Mackler L.  Lower extremity neuromuscular response to a rapid valgus movement at the knee during standing. NIH-NCMRR Annual Trainee Conference. Bethesda, MD, December, 2001
  10. Markley F, Sock K, Rudolph K, Mangione K.  Lower Extremity Muscle Activation during a leg press exercise in persons after hip fracture.  Clinical Practice: Case Reports & Research Presentations at Arcadia University.  April 26, 2002
  11. Lewek M, Rudolph K, Snyder-Mackler L.  The persistence of quadriceps weakness following an opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Tampa, FL, February, 2003
  12. Schmitt LC, Rudolph KS.  Physiological And Biomechanical Changes In Middle Age Persons As Related To Knee Osteoarthritis. APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Tampa, FL, February, 2003
  13. Schmitt LC, Rudolph KS, Schmitt LA.  Use of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in a Patient with a Forearm Fracture and Median Nerve Injury. APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Tampa, FL, February, 2003
  14. Lewek M, Rudolph K, Snyder-Mackler L.  Frontal plane knee joint laxity is responsible for altered gait patterns in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Orthopedic Research Society Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 2003
  15. Lewek M, Rudolph K, Newcomb W, Snyder-Mackler L.  Anatomical realignment modifies muscular response times at the knee. International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery, and Orthopedic Sports Medicine Biennial Congress. Aukland, New Zealand, March , 2003
  16. Lewek M, Rudolph K, Snyder-Mackler L.  Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and knee pattern variability during gait.  Submitted for presentation at the American College of Sports Medicine Annual Conference.  San Francisco, CA, May, 2003
  17. Rudolph KS, Handling, MA.  The Effects of Small Changes in Cadence on Sagittal Plane Kinematics and Kinetics.  Gait and Clinical Movement Analysis Society, Wilmington, DE May, 2003
  18. Ramsey D, Lewek D, Rudolph K, Newcomb W, Snyder-Mackler L. Reflexive muscle responses during valgus perturbations after anatomic tibial realignment.  9th World Congress of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International, Chicago, IL December 2-5, 2004
  19. Lewek M, Rudolph K, Newcomb W, Snyder-Mackler L.  Changes in Quadriceps Strength Predict Physical Function 1 year after High Tibial Osteotomy APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Nashville, TN Feb, 2004
  20. Lewek MD, Snyder-Mackler L, Rudolph KS.  Individuals with Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis have an Altered Neuromuscular Response to a Rapid Valgus Perturbation at the Knee in Standing.  The XVth International Congress of the Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology Boston, MA, June 2004
  21. Schmitt LC, Lewek MD, Snyder-Mackler L, Rudolph KS.  Neuromuscular Changes with Aging:  Implications for Knee Stability  The XVth International Congress of the International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology Boston, MA, June 2004
  22. Sai K. Banala, Sunil K. Agrawal, Abbas Fattah, Katherine Rudolph, John Scholz.  A Gravity Balancing Leg Orthosis for Robotic Rehabilitation  2004 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, New Orleans, LA Apr 26-May 1, 2004
  23. Ramsey DK, Lewek MD, Rudolph KS, Newcomb W, Snyder-Mackler L. Muscle Responses to Valgus Perturbations after Anatomic Tibial Realignment.  Osteoarthritis Research Society International, World Congress on Osteoarthritis, Chicago IL  Dec 2-5, 2004
  24. Lewek, M; Rudolph, K; Snyder-Mackler, L Lateral Muscle Co-Contraction Is Not Related to Knee Adduction Moments in Patients with Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis.  Orthopedic Research Society Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, March, 2004
  25. Dong S, K.-Q. Lu, J. Q. Sun and K. Rudolph Physical Therapy Applications of MR Fluids and Intelligent Control.  Presented at the International Society for Optical Engineering; Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, California, March 6-10, 2005 
  26. Ramsey D, Lewek D, Rudolph K, Newcomb W, Snyder-Mackler L.  The Effect of Anatomical Realignment on Muscle Function in Medial Knee OA.  International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery, and Orthopedic Sports Medicine 5th Biennial Congress, Hollywood, Florida, April 3-7, 2005
  27. Schmitt LC.  Rudolph KS.  Muscle Stabilization Strategies And Medial Knee Osteoarthritis.  Osteoarthritis Research Society International.  Boston, MA, Dec 8-11, 2005
  28. DK Ramsey, MD Lewek, KS Rudolph, Newcomb, MD L Snyder-Mackler.  The Effect of Anatomical Realignment in Patients with Medial Knee OA.  Osteoarthritis Research Society International.  Boston, MA, Dec 8-11, 2005
  29. Schmitt LA.  Rudolph KS.  Relationships among Factors Associated with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis.  APTA Combined Sections Meeting San Diego, CA. Feb 1-5, 2006
  30. Rudolph KS.  Development of a Smart Exercise Device.  APTA Combined Sections Meeting San Diego, CA. Feb 1-5, 2006
  31. Schmitt LA.  Rudolph KS.  Influences on Knee Movement Strategies during Walking in Persons with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis.  American College of Rheumatology, Washington, DC.  Nov 10-15, 2006
  32. Schmitt LA.  Rudolph KS. Muscle Stabilization Strategies in Persons with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis:  The Effect of Instability" APTA Combined Sections Meeting in Boston, February 14-18, 2007
  33. Rudolph KS, Sun JQS, Reisman DS, Hauck K, White J.  Development of a Smart Knee Brace.   APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Boston, MA February, 2007
  34. Rudolph KS, White J, Kumar D, Sun JQ. Use of a Smart Knee Brace to Challenge Walking.  Innovations in Balance and Locomotor Rehabilitation: The Translation from Fundamental Science to Clinical Applications.  The Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital and the Gustav Levinschi Foundation.  Montreal, Quebec July 13, 2007
  35. Rudolph KS, Reisman DS, Wagner C.  The influence of speed on walking function after stroke.  International Society for Posture and Gait Research.  Burlington, VT.  July 2007
  36. Roos M, Rudolph K, Kesar T, Reisman, D. Systematic increases in walking speed have varied effects on post-stroke walking patterns. Combined Sections Meeting of the APTA, February, 2008
  37. Kumar D, Schmitt LC, Rudolph, KS.   Influence of Self-Reported Instability on Neuromuscular Responses in People with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis.  Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA.  March, 2008
  38. Kumar D, Rudolph, KS, Manal, KT.  Force changes in Vastus Medialis during gait: Relationship with EMG and impact on co-contraction estimates- a proof of concept. Computational Methods in Orthopaedic Biomechanics.  Pre-ORS Symposium. San Francisco, CA.  March, 2008  
  39. Kumar D, Reisman DS, Rudolph KS.  Adaptation to perturbed walking in people with medial knee osteoarthritis.  Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC.  Nov, 2008
  40. Roos M, Reisman, D, Rudolph K. Clinical Measures Can Identify Deficits in Speed Modulation in Persons Post Stroke.  Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Las Vegas, NV, February, 2, 2009
  41. Malecka CL, Rudolph KS, Reisman DS. Spatial and temporal gait parameters respond differently to increased walking speed in chronic stroke survivors.  Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Las Vegas, NV, February, 2009
  42. Kumar D, Rudolph KS, Neuromuscular control of the knee in people with Knee Osteoarthritis.  Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Las Vegas, NV, February, 2009
  43. Kumar D, Rudolph KS, Muscle Forces during Walking in Medial Knee Osteoarthritis. ORS 55th Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada. Feb, 2009
  44. Kesar T, Jancosko A, Perumal R, Reisman DS, Rudolph KS, Binder-Macleod SA. Effects of Plantarflexor and Dorsiflexor Functional Electrical Stimulation on Gait Patterns of Individuals Post-Stroke.  Presented at the American Physical Therapy Association, Baltimore, MD, Jun 10-13, 2009
  45. Kurt Manal, Deeepak Kumar, Katherine Rudolph, Thomas S. Buchanan.   An Emg Driven Musculoskeletal Modeling Approach for Estimating Articular Loading at the Knee.  Presented at the XXII Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics.  Cape Town, South Africa July 5-9, 2009
  46. Kesar T, Perumal R, Reisman AS, Rudolph KS, Higginson J, Binder‐Macleod SA.  Effects of Novel Physiological-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation Patterns on Post-Stroke Gait, American Society of Biomechanics, University Park, PA on August 26-29, 2009
  47. Manal KT, Kumar D, Rudolph KS, Buchanan TS.  An Emg-Driven Musculoskeletal Modeling Approach to Estimate Articular Loading at the Knee.  Presented at the 2009 International Conference on Computational Bioengineering, Bertinoro (Forlì), Italy; Sep 16-18 2009
  48. Temel M, Rudolph KS, Agrawal SA. Gait Recovery in Healthy Subjects: Perturbations to the Knee Motion with a Smart Brace" presented at the 3rd International Congress on Gait & Mental Function, Washington DC, February 26-28, 2010, 
  49. Kumar D, Rudolph KS, Manal KT  Medial and Lateral Articular Loading Strategies in Knee Osteoarthritis Presented at the Orthopaedic Research Society 56th Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA; March 6-9, 2010
  50. Temel M, Rudolph KS, Agrawal S. Gait Recovery in Healthy Subjects: Perturbations to the Knee Motion with a Smart Knee Brace.  IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM 2010) Montréal, Quebec. July 6-9, 2010
  51. Kumar D, Rudolph KS, Manal KT.  Lateral Compartment Unloading in People with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis" Presented at the ACR/ARHP Annual Scientific Meeting, Atlanta, GA. Nov 6 -11, 2010 
  52. Kumar D, Reisman DS, Swanik CB, Rudolph KS.  Neuromuscular Responses to Perturbations during Walking in Knee Osteoarthritis: Influence of Instability, Strength, Proprioception and Stiffness.  Presented at the ACR/ARHP Annual Scientific Meeting, Atlanta, GA., Nov 6 -11, 2010
  53. Winters JD, Kumar D, Rudolph KS.  Pivoting Strategies in People with Knee Osteoarthritis.   Presented at the Gait and Clinical Motion Analysis Society.  Bethesda, MD, April 26-29, 2011
  54. Winters JD, Kumar D, Rudolph KS. Loading Patterns During a Step Task in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis Accepted for presentation at the 2011 Annual American Society for Biomechanics Meeting, Long Beach, CA, August 10-13, 2011
  55. Winters JD, Kumar D, Swanik CB, Rudolph KS. Rate of Muscle Force Development and Instability in Knee Osteoarthritis.  Accepted for presentation at the American College of Sports Medicine 58th Annual Meeting and 2nd World Congress on Exercise is Medicine.  Denver, Colorado May 31-June 4, 2011 
  56. Winters JD, Knight CA, Rudolph KS.  Modulation of Rate of Force Development Influences Knee Function in OA.  2011 OARSI World Congress Sep 15-18, 2011 San Diego, CA.
  57. Rudolph KS, Kumar D, Reisman DS.  Neuromuscular Adaptation in People with Knee OA. 2011 OARSI World Congress Sep 15-18, 2011 San Diego, CA.
  58. Begalke BS, Solge D, Rudolph KS. Development of an effective, low cost device for repetitive mass practice Balance perturbation training. Presented at the 2nd Annual Maine APTA Winter Symposium. Dec 1, 2017, Portland, ME
  59. Obecny J, Chiarella C, Rudolph KS. Broken Escalator Paradigm Applied to Motor Learning in Knee Osteoarthritis. Presented at the 2nd Annual Maine APTA Winter Symposium. Dec 1, 2017, Portland, ME
  60. Rudolph KS, Devine M, Donovitch M. Quadriceps muscle quickness relates to function in people with knee osteoarthritis. 2018 Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, February 21-24, 2018 New Orleans, LA.
  61. Rudolph KS, Jacobsen E, Nelson T, Welsh C. Is it exercise or pain associated with exercise that leads to hypoalgesia? 2019 American Pain Society Meeting Apr 3-6, 2019 Milwaukee, WI.

Funded grants

Active:

Northern New England – Clinical Translational Research Network (PI: Stackhouse) “Influence of Noxious Electrical Stimulation on Chronic Pain-A Pilot Study” 07/01/20 06/30/21; $40,000 direct; 1.2 mos., Role: Co-Investigator

UNE Mini-Grant (PI:Rudolph) “Dual Task Activities and Subjective Cognitive Decline” 01/01/21 - 08/31/23

Completed:

  1. NIH R01HD37985-01 (PI: Snyder-Mackler) Dynamic Stability in the ACL injured knee; 2/01-1/04; $260,000 2.8 mos
  2. NIH R21-HD40956-01 Rudolph (PI) Smart Fluid Devices for Physical Rehabilitation $450,000 direct 3/01 – 6/04; 2.8 mos
  3. NIH P20 RR16458-01 - COBRE Osteoarthritis:  Prevention and Treatment (Program Director: Buchanan) Project 4 PI:  Rudolph; Knee Alignment and the Progression of Osteoarthritis; 2/02-6/06; $150,000 direct/yr, 3.3 mos
  4. R01 HD38582 BRP-FES & Biomech: Treating Mvmt Disorders (PI: Buchanan); 8/02-7/07; $500,000; 0.9 mos
  5. R21 HD047468 EBRG Smart Knee Brace Rudolph (PI) 9/04-8/06; $275,000 total direct; 2.8 mos
  6. T32 HD 07490-06 PT / PhD Predoc Training Program (PI: Binder-Macleod) 6/03- 5/08; $118,000; 0.3 mos
  7. American Heart Association Beginning Grant-in-Aid (PI: Reisman) 7/07 – 6/09; $50,000/Yr; 0.9 mos; Relationship between speed and walking function post-stroke. Role: Co-Investigator
  8. NIH P20 RR16458-06 Principal Investigator (Director: Buchanan) 6/07 - 8/11; $1,000,000; Project 5: (PI Rudolph) Knee Stiffness, Proprioception and Instability affect Knee Control in OA.
  9. NIH R01 NR010786-01 (PI: Binder-Macleod) 9/07 – 5/12 Fast Treadmill Training & Functional Electrical Stimulation (FastFES) to Improve Walking $2,231,992, 1.9 mos  Role: Co-Investigator
  10. 2T32HD007490-11A2 (PI: Binder-Macleod) 5/10 – 4/15;  PHS PT/PHD Predoctoral Training Program. 0.3mos
  11. UNE Minigrant (#PRUD) (PI:Rudolph)  Does Altered Pain Processing Affect Movement, Muscle Activation, Function in OA? 06/01/2014 – 08/31/2015 $8,000
  12. 1R13NS093895-01 (PI: Rudolph) “Piecing Together the Pain Puzzle: The Biopsychosocial Model”
    07/01/2015 - 06/30/2016   0.12 mos.
  13. NIH 1P20GM123955 (PD:Meng) Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence for the Study of Pain and Sensory Function. COBRE Pilot Project 09/01/2015 – 08-31-2016 $30,000
  14. NIH 1R15AR068627-01A1 (PI: Rudolph) “Chronic Pain, Motor Output and Motor Learning in Knee Osteoarthritis” 04/01/2016 - 03/31/2020 (w/ NCE); $300,000 direct; 5.7 mos.

Invited plenary presentation

  1. Rudolph, KS Dynamic Stability in Stable and Unstable ACL Deficient Knees. University of East London, London, England, October 27, 2000
  2. Rudolph KS. Dynamic Stability in Stable and Unstable ACL Deficient KneesÓ Section for Health Science at the University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, October 25, 2000
  3. Rudolph KS. Dynamic Stability in Stable and Unstable ACL Deficient Knees. Department of Orthopedics, Ulleval University Hospital of the University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, October 23, 2000
  4. Rudolph KS. Considerations in the Use of Dynamic EMG in Kinesiological ResearchÓ Section for Health Science at the University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, October 25, 2000
  5. Rudolph KS. Knee stabilization in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: Implications for disease progression. East Carolina University, Dec 10, 2004
  6. Rudolph, KS. Control of the ACL Deficient Knee: Insights into Dynamic Stability. Center for Sport Oslo Sport and Trauma Research Center The Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education Department of Orthopedics, Ulleval University Hospital of the University of Oslo, NIMI, Oslo, Norway; October 23, 2002.
  7. Rudolph, KS. Rehabilitation after ACL Injury: a Clinical Research Perspective. Center for Sport Oslo Sport and Trauma Research Center The Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education Department of Orthopedics, Ulleval University Hospital of the University of Oslo, NIMI Oslo, Norway; October 24, 2002.
  8. Rudolph KS, Schmitt LC. Laxity & Instability in people with knee osteoarthritis. 9th International Conference in Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Sports Rehabilitation, Perugia, Italy November 11-13, 2005
  9. Rudolph KS, Schmitt LC. Knee instability and muscle activity in osteoarthritis. 9th International Conference in Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Sports Rehabilitation, Perugia, Italy. November 11-13, 2005
  10. Rudolph KS. Smart fluid devices _ variable resistance exercise device. 9th International Conference in Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Sports Rehabilitation, Perugia, Italy. November 11-13, 2005
  11. Rudolph KS. A smart knee brace. 9th International Conference in Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Sports Rehabilitation, Perugia, Italy. November 11-13, 2005.
  12. Rudolph KS. University of Louisville, Functional Fitness and the Science of Joint Preservation Instructional Course. The Influence of Age on Knee Stabilization strategies _ implications for OA development. Louisville, KY April 28-29, 2006
  13. Rudolph KS. University of Louisville, Functional Fitness and the Science of Joint Preservation Instructional Course. Frontal Plane Knee Instability in Medial Compartment Knee OsteoarthritisÓ Louisville, KY April 28-29, 2006
  14. Rudolph KS. Inside the ResearcherÕs Experience: Fostering Research in a College of Health Professions. Presented at the Research Colloquium. University of New England, Portland, ME, May 23, 2011
  15. Rudolph, KS. Careers in Rehabilitation Research. 2011 National Student Conclave in Minneapolis, MN, Nov 2011
  16. Rudolph, KS. Careers in Research and Academia. 2012 National Student Conclave in Arlington, VA, Nov 2-4, 2012.

Research interests

Dr. Rudolph's research interest is neuromuscular control of locomotion and chronic pain. She studies people with joint instability in anterior cruciate ligament deficiency and knee osteoarthritis; people with hemiparesis post-stroke and older adults. She is also interested in developing new technologies for use in rehabilitation including muscle strengthening devices and rehabilitation robots for gait training.

Research topics

Behavioral Neuroscience
Biosignaling
Brain
COM Neuroscience and Pain
Exercise and Resilience
Fear
Learning
Neuroscience
Pain
Sensory Neuron